Selelekela

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) e ntšoa joalo ka likhase tse tsoang ho lintho tse itseng tse tiileng kapa tse metsi.Li-VOC li kenyelletsa lik'hemik'hale tse fapaneng, tseo tse ling tsa tsona li ka bang le litlamorao tse mpe tsa nako e khuts'oane le tsa nako e telele.Maikutlo a li-VOC tse ngata a lula a le holimo ka tlung (ho fihla ho makhetlo a leshome) ho feta kantle.Li-VOC li hlahisoa ke mefuta e mengata ea lihlahisoa tse baloang ka likete.

Lik'hemik'hale tsa tlhaho li sebelisoa haholo e le metsoako ea lihlahisoa tsa ntlo.Lipente, li-varnish le boka kaofela li na le lihlahisoa tsa tlhaho, joalo ka lihlahisoa tse ngata tsa ho hloekisa, ho bolaea likokoana-hloko, litlolo, ho tlosa mafura le ho itlosa bolutu.Mafura a entsoe ka lik'hemik'hale tsa tlhaho.Lihlahisoa tsena kaofela li ka lokolla metsoako ea manyolo ha u ntse u e sebelisa, 'me, ho isa tekanyong e itseng, ha e bolokiloe.

Thuto ea "Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (TEAM)" ea Ofisi ea EPA ea "Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (TEAM)" (Moqolo oa I ho isa ho IV, e phethiloeng ka 1985) e fumane maemo a ka bang leshome le metso e 'meli a litšila a tloaelehileng a phahame ka makhetlo a 2 ho isa ho a 5 ka hare ho malapa ho feta kantle, ho sa tsotelehe hore na mahae a ne a le mahaeng kapa libakeng tsa indasteri tse phahameng.Liphuputso tsa TEAM li bontšitse hore ha batho ba ntse ba sebelisa lihlahisoa tse nang le lik'hemik'hale tsa tlhaho, ba ka ipeha pepeneneng ba be ba pepese ba bang maemong a tšilafalo a phahameng haholo, 'me likhakanyo tse phahameng li ka tsoela pele moeeng nako e telele kamora hore ts'ebetso e phetheloe.

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Mehloli ea VOCs

Lihlahisoa tsa malapa, ho kenyeletsa:

• lipente, li-strippers tsa pente le metsoako e meng
• li-preservatives tsa lehong
• li-sprays tsa aerosol
• lintho tse hloekisang le tse bolaeang likokoana-hloko
• se lelekang tšoèlè le se hlabosang moea
• libeso tse bolokiloeng le lihlahisoa tsa likoloi
• thepa ea ho itlosa bolutu
• liaparo tse hloekisitsoeng
• sebolaya dikokonyana

Lihlahisoa tse ling, ho kenyelletsa:

• thepa ea ho haha ​​le thepa ea ka tlung
• thepa ea ofisi joalo ka likopi le liprinta, maro a tokiso le pampiri e se nang k'habone
• Grafiken le lisebelisoa tsa mesebetsi ea matsoho tse kenyelletsang likhomaretsi le likhomaretsi, matšoao a sa feleng le tharollo ea lifoto.

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Liphello tsa Bophelo bo Botle

Liphello tsa bophelo bo botle li ka kenyelletsa:

• Ho teneha ha mahlo, nko le 'metso
• Ho opeloa ke hlooho, ho lahleheloa ke tšebelisano 'moho le ho nyekeloa ke pelo
• Tšenyo ea sebete, liphio le tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng
• Likokoana-hloko tse ling li ka baka mofetše liphoofolong, tse ling li belaelloa kapa tse tsejoang li baka mofetše bathong.

Matšoao kapa matšoao a bohlokoa a amanang le ho pepesehela VOCs a kenyelletsa:

• ho teneha ha conjunctival
• bothata ba nko le mmetso
• hlooho e opang
• ho hanana le letlalo
• khatello ea maikutlo
• ho fokotseha ha maemo a serum cholinesterase
• ho nyekeloa ke pelo
• emesis
• epistaxis
• mokgathala
• ho tsekela

Bokhoni ba lik'hemik'hale tsa tlhaho ho baka liphello tsa bophelo bo botle bo fapana haholo ho tloha ho tse chefo haholo, ho ea ho tse se nang phello e tsebahalang ea bophelo bo botle.

Joalo ka lintho tse ling tse silafatsang, boholo le mofuta oa phello ea bophelo bo botle e tla ipapisa le lintlha tse ngata tse kenyelletsang boemo ba ho pepeseha le bolelele ba nako bo pepesitsoeng.Har'a matšoao a hang-hang ao batho ba bang ba bileng le 'ona hang ka mor'a hore ba be le lintho tse ling tse phelang li kenyelletsa:

• Ho teneha ha leihlo le phefumoloho
• hlooho e opang
• ho tsekela
• mathata a pono le ho holofala ha mohopolo

Hajoale, ha ho tsejoe hakaalo ka hore na ho na le liphello life tsa bophelo bo botle tse hlahang maemong a lintho tse phelang tse atisang ho fumanoa malapeng.

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Maemo ka Malapeng

Liphuputso li fumane hore maemo a lintho tse phelang tse 'maloa a phahame ka makhetlo a 2 ho isa ho a 5 ka tlung ho feta ka ntle.Nakong le lihora tse 'maloa hang ka mor'a mesebetsi e itseng, joalo ka ho hlobola pente, maemo a ka ba makhetlo a 1,000 ka morao ho maemo a ka ntle.

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Mehato ea ho Fokotsa Tšusumetso

• Eketsa moea oa moea ha u sebelisa lihlahisoa tse ntšang li-VOC.
• Kopana kapa u fete litemoso life kapa life tsa lileibole.
• Se ke oa boloka lijana tse butsoeng tsa lipente tse sa sebelisoeng le lisebelisoa tse tšoanang ka har'a sekolo.
• Formaldehyde, e 'ngoe ea li-VOC tse tsebahalang haholo, ke e' ngoe ea litšilafalo tse 'maloa tsa ka tlung tse ka lekanngoang habonolo.
  • Hlalosa, 'me haeba ho khoneha, tlosa mohloli.
  • Haeba ho sa khonehe ho tlosa, fokotsa ho pepeseha ka ho sebelisa sealant holim'a libaka tsohle tse pepeneneng tsa liphanele le thepa e 'ngoe.
• Sebelisa mekhoa e kopaneng ea taolo ea likokoanyana ho fokotsa tlhoko ea chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana.
• Sebelisa lihlahisoa tsa ntlo ho latela litaelo tsa moetsi.
• Etsa bonnete ba hore u fana ka moea o mongata o hloekileng ha u sebelisa lihlahisoa tsena.
• Lahla lijana tse sa sebelisoang kapa tse sa sebelisoeng hanyane ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng;reka ka bongata boo u tla bo sebelisa haufinyane.
• Boloka moo bana le liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng li fihlang teng.
• Le ka mohla u se ke ua kopanya lihlahisoa tsa tlhokomelo ea lapeng ntle le haeba u laetsoe leiboleng.

Latela litaelo tsa li-leibole ka hloko.

Lihlahisoa tse ka bang kotsi hangata li na le litemoso tse reretsoeng ho fokotsa ho pepeseha ha basebelisi.Ka mohlala, haeba leibole e re u sebelise sehlahisoa sebakeng se nang le moea o pholileng, tsoela ka ntle kapa libakeng tse nang le fene ea ho ntša moea hore u se sebelise.Ho seng joalo, bula lifensetere ho fana ka boholo ba moea o ka ntle o ka khonehang.

Lahla lijana tse tletseng karolo e itseng tsa lik'hemik'hale tsa khale kapa tse sa hlokahaleng ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng.

Hobane likhase li ka lutla esita le lijaneng tse koetsoeng, mohato ona o le mong o ka thusa ho fokotsa bongata ba lik'hemik'hale tsa manyolo ka tlung ea hau.(Etsa bonnete ba hore thepa eo u khethang ho e boloka ha e bolokoe feela sebakeng se nang le moea o pholileng empa hape e sireletsehile moo bana ba ka fihlang ho eona.) U se ke ua lahlela feela lihlahisoa tsena tse sa batleheng ka moqomong oa lithōle.Fumana hore na mmuso oa heno kapa mokhatlo ofe kapa ofe sechabeng sa heno o tšehetsa matsatsi a khethehileng bakeng sa pokello ea litšila tsa ntlo tse chefo.Haeba matsatsi a joalo a le teng, a sebelise ho lahla lijana tse sa batleheng ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng.Haeba matsatsi a joalo a koleke a sa fumanehe, nahana ka ho a hlophisa.

Reka bongata bo fokolang.

Haeba u sebelisa lihlahisoa ka linako tse ling feela kapa ka linako tse itseng tsa selemo, tse kang lipente, li-strippers tsa pente le parafine bakeng sa licheso tsa sebaka kapa peterole bakeng sa mechine e kutang mohloa, reka feela e ngata eo u tla e sebelisa hang-hang.

Boloka monyetla oa ho pepesehela mesi e tsoang lihlahisoa tse nang le methylene chloride bonyane.

Lihlahisoa tsa bareki tse nang le methylene chloride li kenyelletsa li-strippers tsa pente, li-adhesive removers le lipente tsa aerosol spray.Methylene chloride e tsejoa ho baka mofetše liphoofolong.Hape, methylene chloride e fetoloa carbon monoxide 'meleng' me e ka baka matšoao a amanang le ho pepesehela carbon monoxide.Bala ka hloko lileibole tse nang le lintlha tsa kotsi ea bophelo bo botle le litemoso mabapi le tšebeliso e nepahetseng ea lihlahisoa tsena.Sebelisa lihlahisoa tse nang le methylene chloride ka ntle ha ho khoneha;sebelisa ka tlung ha feela sebaka se na le moea o motle.

Boloka ho pepesehela benzene bonyane.

Benzene ke kankere e tsebahalang ea motho.Mehloli ea mantlha ea k'hemik'hale ena ke:

• mosi oa koae oa tikoloho
• libeso tse bolokiloeng
• lisebelisoa tsa pente
• mesi ea likoloi ka likaracheng tse khomaretsoeng

Liketso tse tla fokotsa ho pepeseha ha benzene li kenyelletsa:

• ho fedisa ho tsuba ka hara lehae
• ho fana ka moya o mongata haholo nakong ya ho penta
• ho lahla lisebelisoa tsa pente le libeso tse khethehileng tse ke keng tsa sebelisoa hang-hang

Boloka monyetla oa ho pepesehela mesi e tsoang ho perchlorethylene ho tloha linthong tse sa tsoa hloekisoa ka mokhoa o fokolang.

Perchlorethylene ke k'hemik'hale e sebelisoang haholo ho hloekisa ka mokhoa o omileng.Lithutong tsa laboratori, ho bontšitsoe ho baka mofetše liphoofolong.Liphuputso tsa morao tjena li bontša hore batho ba phefumoloha tekanyo e tlaase ea k’hemik’hale ena malapeng ao ho ’ona ho bolokoang thepa e hloekisitsoeng ka mokhoa o omileng le ha ba apara liaparo tse hloekileng.Li-dry cleaners li khutlisetsa perchlorethylene nakong ea ho hloekisa ka mokhoa o omileng e le hore li ka boloka chelete ka ho li sebelisa hape, 'me li tlosa lik'hemik'hale tse ngata nakong ea ho hatella le ho qeta.Leha ho le joalo, li-dry cleaners tse ling ha li tlose perchlorethylene e ngata kamoo ho ka khonehang ka linako tsohle.

Ho nka mehato ea ho fokotsa monyetla oa ho pepesehela k'hemik'hale ena ke bohlale.

• Haeba thepa e hloekisitsoeng e na le monko o matla oa lik'hemik'hale ha u e nka, u se ke ua e amohela ho fihlela e omisitsoe hantle.
• Haeba thepa e nang le monko oa lik'hemik'hale e khutlisetsoa ho uena maetong a latelang, leka se hloekisang se fapaneng.

 

E tsoa ho https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality